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SOUTH AFRICA WHERE RACISM ERA OF STATE

Maria Vittoria Adami

Championships World Cup in South Africa this year will have a special meaning.

In 2010 it is celebrating the twentieth anniversary of the release of Nelson Mandela and the beginning the path of abatement policy of apartheid, which divided the black population than white in a systematic way, in 1948. Recalling also the atmosphere experienced in 1995 during the Rugby World Cup in South Africa, won by the home team and celebrated film by Clint Eastwood, Invictus. Then the sporting event was an opportunity to meet and removal of barriers and the South African victory was enriched by a multitude of meanings.

was a memorable moment, which may return with the World Cup: a chance to teach younger generations the futility of separation, with the Afrikaans language expressed by the term "apartheid" in fact. Let

inspiration integration and unity for the future was also the intent of the conference on Saturday, organized by the Commonwealth of Sezano Stimmatinic on Redan (the network of black African Diaspora in Italy), Pangea-House of cultures and CISL: 1990-2010, 20 years after the end of apartheid in South Africa. Beginning of the path of freedom and dignity.

The day has reviewed the crucial moments of the construction and dismantling of the separation policy, adopted by the victory of the Nationalist Party of South Africa. Today s'inorridisce front of that body of law that classified citizens by racial groups: the white minority, blacks African (Bantu) and colored (a mixed descent). Yet the ban on race relations, the ban blacks from public places, types of work or school is not far away on the timeline. The black population without political representation, has lived confined to certain areas, up to twenty years ago. The voice of social conscience and anger was the preserve of writers and poets. There were opponents of apartheid, gathered under the African National Congress (ANC), founded in 1912 and led in the mid-twentieth century, from Nelson Mandela. The action was a response to their persecution and installation of a police state. In 1960, a long series of protests culminated the Sharpeville massacre and the banning of all black political organizations. Demonstrations, strikes and clashes continued for the Seventies. There followed a decade of reforms that allowed the representatives

black (75 percent of the population) to organize and carry out a limited political activity.

But the constitutional recognition - in 1984 - only a representation of Asians and colored (not black), strengthening the climate of tension, projecting the bad example the South African international level. In 1990, President Frederick de Klerk revoked, so the ban on ANC and freed its leader, Nelson Mandela, imprisoned for 25 years. With the latter, in 1993 signed an agreement on the modalities of the transition to democracy in South Africa. At first free elections in 1994, Mandela was released first black president in the history of South Africa.

It closed a chapter of recent history and far away from the perception of the democratic world. His witnesses today are alive and young and can tell what they saw, blacks and whites, each from his point of view, "to leave - says the director of South Africa Embassy in Rome, Dancan Sebefelo Mobel - a common history of tragedy but also triumph. "

"I was there, I am there"

Testimonials black and white

Franco Marangoni 's Italian name, white skin and blond-red hair. It is South African. Born 33 years ago by Italian immigrant parents in the sixties in South Africa, speaks Italian flawed foreign accent. Childhood, adolescence and youth were spent in Africa, apartheid child viewer.

"It seems strange, almost impossible, to have lived. I attended a multi-ethnic school, because they were expensive private. However school education for blacks was inferior.

The separation was something that breathes and you understood. One day, coming home from school, at home with my parents saw some fathers Stigmatine. With them, the black driver. I looked at my mom and said: "There is a black man in the living room." It was an unusual for me, even though many black people were part of my life and I were fond of. I was not used to the image of a black man sitting in the living room drinking coffee. "

"Another time, at school, there was a bomb threat. They made us evacuate. Then we returned, I was afraid to return. Police time to inspect the building and left only a policeman and a dog. I also remember the signs in the bathrooms of the rooms, on beaches and in hotels, places for white people and the living area reserved for the black population: a shanty town with nearby military installations. Degraded area, which contrasted with the rich across the street. They took us on a trip there once. I always saw through the window of my father's factory, but I have never been inside. There were no sidewalks, while we were concrete and green lawns. There were piles of garbage and a bathroom that was used for the whole neighborhood. A tap every few houses. At the end of the Eighties felt that things were changing. During the referendum of March 1992, for the white population, stuck to the television at school, during breaks between classes, looking at the results: 68 percent was in favor of reforms to bring down apartheid. Unforgettable the Rugby World Cup 1995. The sport united the people, it was like a fairy tale for the victory and the celebrations of South Africa was wonderful.

Councillor of Multilateral Affairs of South Africa Embassy in Rome, Dancan Mobel Sebefelo , spent the apartheid on the other side of the border, but in his words there is above all hope for the future . "The testimony of Franco Marangoni is important. Who now says "I do not I had seen or understood, "answer the memories of a child who saw the abnormal situation dictated by apartheid. Those who wanted to see the truth, he saw her. We were separated in a systematic way. " "When Mandela was released, we were full of youthful enthusiasm. It seemed a step too far and we young people thought to resolve the issue with the armed uprising, had a small vision. But he answered with forgiveness. "

"Apartheid was a system crash, Barbara. One wonders why he was not opposed to anything done, because it was cheap as a politician. For the benefits it produced was the interest in doing so remain standing. After 1994 and Journal of Mandela's speech, democracy was established and started a new way of doing things. We have made progress: a new Constitution and a Bill of Rights has protected the freedom of man. We have built Equality, made housing for the disadvantaged, provided the work, education and health. Within fifteen years has sought integration and youth have a bright future ahead. There was a profound progress, although we have enormous challenges ahead, starting the economy. Our flag is a symbol of negotiation, has beautiful color and unites us all. We are proud to be not just an example, but also a cultural and political success, an inspiration for other communities. "

source of Verona Fedele 28.03.2010